Politics Essay Example

Politics Essay Political Science is the systematic study of the state and government. The word political is derived from the Greek polis, meaning a city, of what today would be equivalent of sovereign state. Science comes from the Latin score, to know Scope of Political Science: 1 _ Political theory 2. Public Law 3. Public Administration Political Theory It refers to the inure body of doctrines relating to the rolling, form, behavior, and purposes of the state are dealt with the study of political theory. Public Law the (a) organization of governments, (b) the limitations upon government authority, (c) the powers and duties of governmental offices and officers, and (d) the obligations of one state to another are handled In the study of public law. Private Laws are the one which govern the relations among individuals, public law is so specialized that separate courses offered in each of its subdivisions, namely: (a) constitutional law, (b) administrative law, and (c) international Law. Public Administration attention Is focused upon methods and techniques used branches of government. N. B, today, legislative bodies have been forced to delegate greater discretion to executive officers responsible for the conduct of government policies and powers. Thus we find many administrative agencies exercising quasi-legislative and quasi- judicial powers. Interrelationship of Political Science with other branches of learning: History History is past politics and politics is present history. Political Scientist adopts a historical approach and employs knowledge of the past when he seeks to interpret present and probable developments in political phenomena. 2. Economics Refers to the study of production, distribution, and conservation, and consumption of wealth. Political Scientist adopts an economic approach when seeking to interpret matters like public financial policies and government regulation of business. 3. Geography Geopolitics We will write a custom essay sample on Politics specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Politics specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Politics specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It is concerned with the study of the influences of physical factors such as population pressures, sources of raw materials, geography, etc. Upon domestic and foreign politics. 4. Sociology anthropology It is deeply concerned with the origins and nature of social control and governmental authority, with the abiding influences of race and culture upon society, with the patterns of collective human behavior. 5. Psychology It promotes studies of the mental and emotional processes motivating the political behavior of individuals and groups. Particular topics under this are: public pinion, pressure groups, and propaganda. 6. Philosophy in academic philosophy and also to the political scientist. 7. Statistics and Logic Political theorist must have abroad background knowledge of current political problems and he must employ scientific methods in gathering and evaluating the data in drawing conclusions. 8. Jurisprudence This branch of public law is concerned with the analysis of existing legal systems also with the ethical, historical, sociological, psychological foundations of law. Concepts of State Meaning of the State State is a community of persons more or less numerous, permanently occupying a definite portion of territory, having a government of their own to which the great body of inhabitants render obedience, and enjoying freedom from external control. Elements of State: 1. People 2. Territory 3. Government 4. Sovereignty 5. Recognition This refers to the mass of population living within the state. There is no requirement as to the number of people that should compose a state. But it should be neither too small nor too large: small enough to be well-governed and large enough to be self-sufficing. The smallest state is Vatican. China has the largest population. 2. Territory Components of Territory: . Terrestrial/land mass 3. Fluvial 4. Maritime Domain The smallest state is Vatican State with an area of 0. 43 square kilometers. It would fit in Racial Park in Manila. The biggest state is Canada with an area of 3,852,000 square miles which covers a surface nearly as large as Europe. The Philippines has a total land area of about 115,707 square miles . It refers to the agency through which the will of the state is formulated, expressed and carried out. It is the supreme power of the state to command and enforce obedience to its will from people within its Jurisdiction, and to have freedom from foreign control. Two manifestations of Sovereignty: 1. Internal or the power of the state to rule within its territory; 2. External or the freedom of the state to carry out its activities without subjection or control by other states. External sovereignty is often referred to as independence. N. B these internal and external aspects of sovereignty are not absolutely true in practice because of the development of international relations and consequently international law. . Legal sovereignty is the possession of unlimited power to make laws. It is the authority by which law has the power to issue commands. 2. Political sovereignty is the sum total of all the influences in a state which lie behind the law. It is roughly defined as the power of the people. What is emporium? Dominion? Secure obedience thereto, maintain peace and order within its territorial limits, defend the State against foreign invasion, and do any other act of government over its people and territory. Dominion refers to the independent proprietary right of possession, use, conservation, disposition or sale, and control by the State over its territorial lands. How do you treat the Claim of the Philips. Over Saba? Is it emporium or dominion? Answer: It is both emporium and dominion. We seek to own exclusively Saba and in so owning, we have to exercise our sovereignty to govern the same. Characteristics of Sovereignty Permanence; Exclusivity; Comprehensiveness; Absoluteness; Individuality; Inalienability; and Impressibility Permanence means it exist in the same form forever or for a very long time. Exclusivity means it is limited to a group of people. Comprehensiveness means including everything, so as to be complete comprehensive knowledge of the subject. Absoluteness means possessing unlimited power: having total power and authority. Individuality means the state or condition of being separate from others. Inalienability means it is impossible to take away or not able to be transferred or taken away, e. G. Because of being protected by law. Impressibility it means not to be taken away or impossible to remove or violate the peoples imperceptible rights. Governance manner of government: the system or manner of government; 2. Tate of governing a place: the act or state of governing a place; 3. Authority: control or authority It means the management of the affairs of a business, organization, or institution. GOVERNMENT Forms of Government: The principal forms are the following: 1 . As to number of persons exercising sovereign powers; 2. As to extent of powers exercised by the cen tral or national government; 3. As to relationship between the executive and the legislative branches of the government; 4. As to source of power or authority: 1 . As to number of persons exercising sovereign powers: A. Government by one AY) Monarchy or one in which the supreme and final authority is in the hands of a single person without regard to the source of his election or the nature or duration of his tenure. Monarchies are further classified into: Monarchy, form of government in which one person has the hereditary right to rule as head of state during his or her lifetime; the term is also applied to the state so governed. Monarchs include such rulers as kings and queens, emperors and empresses, tsars, and Kaisers. Two types of Monarchical government: 1 . Absolute Monarchy or one in which the ruler rules by divine right; and 2. Limited monarchy or one in which the ruler rules in accordance with a constitution. The power of the monarch varies from absolute to very limited; the latter is AAA Authoritarian or one in which the supreme power of the dictator whose power is usually through force. 1 . Strict and demanding obedience: favoring strict rules and established authority; 2. Demanding political obedience: belonging to or believing in a political system in which obedience to the ruling person or group is strongly enforced. B. Government by few Bal Aristocracy or one in which political power is exercised by few privileged class. . People of highest social class: people of noble families or the highest social class 2. Superior group: a group believed to be superior to all others of the same kind 3. Overspent by elite: government of a country by a small group of people, especially a hereditary nobility 4. State run by elite: a state governed by an aristocracy. 82 Oligarchy 1 . Small governing group: a small gr oup of people who together govern a nation or control an organization, often for their own purposes; 2. Entity ruled by oligarchy: a nation governed or an organization controlled by an oligarchy; 3. Overspent by small group: government or control by a small group of people. Sources of their power: By births. By wealthy. By wisdom In an aristocracy, although the power of government is wielded by a few, hermetically the administration of government is carried on for the welfare of the many. Whenever the interests of the people as a whole are made subservient to the selfish interests of the rulers, aristocracy becomes a form of government known as oligarchy. CLC Democracy or one in which political power is exercised by the majority of the people. It is further classified into: CLC . Direct or pure democracy or one in which the will of the state is formulated or expressed directly and immediately through the people in a mass meeting or primary assembly rather than through the medium of representatives chosen by the people o act for them. CLC . 2 Indirect, representative or republican democracy or one in which the will of the state is formulated and expressed through the agency of a relatively small and select body of persons chosen by the people to act as their representatives. 2. As to extent of powers exercised by the central or national government: A. Unitary government or one in which the control of national and local affairs is exercised by the national government; B. Federal government or one in which the powers of government are divided between two sets of organs, one for national affairs and the other for local affairs, ACH organ being supreme within its own sphere. Didst. Bet. Federal Unitary Covet Federal states, such as the U. S. And Switzerland, comprise unions of states in which the authority of the central or national government is constitutionally limited by the legally established powers of the constituent subdivisions. In unitary states, such as the United Kingdom and Belgium, the constituent subdivisions of the state are subordinate to the authority of the national government. Countries with federal political systems have both a central government and overspent based in smaller political units, usually called states, provinces, or territories. These smaller political units surrender some of their political power to the central government, relying on it to act for the common good. In a federal system, laws are made both by state, provincial, or territorial governments and by a central government. In the United States, for example, people who live in the state of Ohio must obey the laws made by the Ohio legislature and the Congress of the United States. Federal political systems divide power and resources between central and Central governments decide issues that concern the whole country, such as organizing an army, building major roads, and making treaties with other countries. In unitary systems, with laws giving virtually all authority to the central government. The central government may delegate duties to cities or other administrative units, but it retains final authority and can retract any tasks it has delegated. The central government in a unitary system is much more powerful than the central government in a federal system. Government: A. Parliamentary government or cabinet gobo. Is one in which the executive and selective branch of the government are dependent or executive branch is part of the legislative branch. B. Presidential government or one in which the state makes the executive independent from the legislative. Distinctions bet. Presidential Parliamentary In parliamentary governments, of which the United Kingdom, India, and Canada are examples, the executive branch is subordinate to the legislature. In presidential governments, such as in the U. S. , the executive is independent of the legislature, although many of the executives actions are subject to legislative review. A. De facto is one not so constituted or founded with the existing constitution but has the general support of the people and has effective control of the territory over which it exercises its powers. B. De Cure is one which is constituted or founded in accordance with the existing constitution of the state but has no control of the territory. C. Hereditary Elective Checks and Balances, the doctrine and practice of dispersing political power and creating mutual accountability among political entities such as the courts, the president or prime minister, the legislature, and the citizens. The first check comes from the fact that different branches of the government have overlapping authority, so each branch can act as a limit on the other. For example, the president can veto an act of Congress. A two-thirds majority in Congress can then override the presidents veto. The president appoints major federal officials, but only if the Senate by majority vote agrees. Separation of Powers, the doctrine and practice of dividing the powers of a government among different branches to guard against abuse of authority. A government of separated powers assigns different political and legal powers o the legislative, executive, and Judicial branches. The legislative branch has the power to make laws. The executive branch has the authority to administer the law†primarily by bringing lawbreakers to trial†and to appoint officials and oversee the administration of government responsibilities. The Judicial branch has the power to try cases brought to court and to interpret the meaning of laws under which the trials are conducted. A government of separated powers is less likely to be tyrannical and more likely to follow the rule of law: the principle that government action must be constrained by saws. A separation of powers can also make a political system more democratic by making it more difficult for a single ruler, such as a monarch or a president, to become dictatorial. The division of powers also prevents one branch of government from dominating the others or dictating the laws to the public. Most democratic systems have some degree of separation of powers. POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES Liberalism, attitude, philosophy, or movement that has as its basic concern the development of personal freedom and social progress. The course of liberalism in a given country is usually conditioned by the character

The Trials of Becoming a Hero

The Trials of Becoming a Hero The Trials of Becoming a HeroHero worship has existed in this world since the beginning of time, from the Jews honoring Moses, to the Germans honoring Adolf Hitler. Becoming a hero is a very difficult thing to accomplish. One must be successful in gaining the reverence of one's peers while at the same time not developing to big of an ego. Two examples of men trying to become heroes are Prince Henry and Dr. Faustus. Both, in their respective plays, have the capabilities of becoming a hero, but only Prince Henry succeeds while Dr. Faustus fails.At the beginning of The Tragical History of Dr. Faustus, Faustus is a well known doctor and is looked up to by his friends. Hal, on the other hand, starts out in Henry IV, Part I, spending much of his time in a tavern engaged in talk with robbers and hoodlums, therefore being looked down upon by the high society which he is supposed to live in.HalWhile it appears that Faustus seems to be headed to becoming a hero and Hal seems to be throwing awa y his chances, the audience can see from their soliloquies, that they both plan on changing their ways; Hal for the better and Faustus for the worse.Faustus has risen to a great point in his life. He was born to 'parents base of stock (line 11),' but still has managed to gain a degree from the University of Wittengberg, thus acquiring much respect from the professional world. From the onset though, Faustus has his mind set on other things; such as magic and necromancy. Hal, on the other hand was born to a high society. Even though he does all of these mischievous things, he plans on repenting and returning to his father.The audience can see from Hal's soliloquy at the end of Act I, scene 2, that no matter how unruly the individuals are that he hangs out with, they do not have an influence on him:Yet herein will I imitate the sun,Who doth permit the base contagious cloudsTo smother up his beauty from the world,That, when he please again to be himself,Being wanted, he may be more wond ered atBy breaking through the foul and ugly mistsOf vapors that did seem to strangle him. (line 152-158)From the onset, Hal informs the reader that he is only befriending these unruly individuals to have some fun, but when the time comes, he will take on the serious role of being a prince.In opposition to this, the only thing that influences Faustus is evil. When he calls upon his friends Valdes and Cornelius to teach him magic, he does this only to draw himself closer to evil:Philosophy is odious and obscure,Both law and physic are for petty wits;Divinity is basest of the three,Unpleasant, harsh, contemptible and vile.'Tis magic, magic that hath ravished me. (line 106-109)The reader can see from here how enthralled Faustus is with magic.From the magic that Faustus performs, he comes to sell his soul to Lucifer. Though Faustus brings this all upon himself, he is not doomed for an after-life of hell, but still has the chance to repent. Four different times, his conscience, in the fo rm a good angel and a bad angel, fight over his soul. Though Faustus has many thoughts not to go ahead with his deal with the devil, the audience can easily see that in the back of his mind, that Faustus knows that he will go through with it:EVIL ANGEL. Ay, but Faustus never shall repent (Line 194).'Once Faustus signs the contract with the devil, he does not once think about turning back towards God.Hal on the other hand, does not plan on staying on his corrupt path. He realizes at the beginning of the play that he will eventually have to take on the responsibilities of a prince, but for now, when there are no obligations to take on, he will enjoy himself.When Hal is rebuked by his father, King Henry IV, he takes this chance to change his ways and receives forgiveness from his father. In this scene, Prince Henry is taking that step towards becoming that hero which he is capable of becoming.Faustus though, does not jump on his opportunity. At the end of his life, his conscience appea rs to him, this time in the form of an old man who pleads with Faustus to leave his damned course and repent:Ah Doctor Faustus, that I might prevailTo guide thy steps unto the way of life,By which sweet path though may'st attain the goalThat shall conduct thee to celestial rest. (line 26-29)Mephastophilis, however, appears and presents Faustus with a dagger and threatens: ''Faustus, come thine hour is come!' (line 41).' Faustus asks Mephastophilis for forgiveness and offers to reaffirm his vow with Lucifer. This is Faustus' last chance to become a hero, but he lets it slip through his fingers.One might think that Dr. Faustus actually does repent, and that he does become the hero he deserves to be. In his final words he denounces Mephastophilis and wishes he had just a little more time so he could 'repent and save his soul (line 64).' However, when one delves deeper into the life that Faustus lived, it is obvious that he did not repent. During his twenty four years of 'voluptuousness ', not once does Faustus' conscience cause him to think about repenting. Only at the beginning of the play, before he begins to be served by Mephastophilis, and at the end of his life, when he realizes that he is damned and that he has no opportunity to repent, does he even entertain the idea of atoning. Thus, Dr. Faustus can never be considered a hero.However, unlike Dr. Faustus, Prince Henry does accomplish the feat of becoming a hero. While at the beginning of the play, it appears that Hal does not really care what happens to himself or his father's kingdom, throughout the play, he slowly takes on his role of prince. He finishes his destiny of becoming a hero with his defeat of the warring Percys.A hero is defined as 'b. a man of courage and nobility famed for his military achievements c. a man admired for his achievements and noble qualities and considered a model or ideal (Webster's dictionary).' Prince Henry exemplifies both of these definitions. After he defeats his enemy, Ho tspur, it is obvious that the people of England changed their view of him and began looking up to him. Now with this new found admiration, Prince Henry has gained the title of 'hero.' Dr. Faustus on the other hand, never reaches this point in his life. Numerous times, he has the ability to repent and turn around his life, but his desire for evil prevails. Both characters possessed the right qualities to become a hero, but only Prince Henry took advantage of them. As the audience can see, the only thing that matters is what someone perceives of themselves. No matter how much influence society has on someone, if they have it in them to succeed, they will. Consequently, anyone can prevail in becoming a hero.

Essay Tips Four Types of Essay

Essay Tips Four Types of Essay Essay Tips: Four Types of Essay Every essay is different. But we can identify four common types of essay: Expository essays (i.e., essays that explain something) Descriptive essays (i.e., essays that describe something) Persuasive essays (i.e., essays that aim to persuade the reader) Narrative essays (i.e., essays that tell a story) These are not always clear distinctions (e.g., a narrative essay may also be descriptive). Nevertheless, most essays fall into one of the categories above, and knowing the differences between them can be useful when planning your work. Read on to find out more. 1. Expository Essays Expository essays focus on explaining something. The aim is to test how well you can communicate your understanding of a topic. This often involves comparing and contrasting two ideas, or defining something and giving an example. Expository essays are typically structured as follows: An introduction that sets out the subject matter, how you will answer the essay question, and any key background information. A series of logically connected paragraphs setting out your understanding of the subject, along with evidence to support your claims. A conclusion that addresses your essay question. This type of essay is often used for shorter assignments and exams. 2. Descriptive Essays Descriptive essays are less about arguing a point and more about creating a detailed picture. The problem is that you need to create this picture with words! These essays are sometimes quite personal or creative (e.g., reflective essays often include a descriptive element). However, they should still be clearly structured and written to make them easy to follow. Your aim should be to leave your reader with a clear idea of what you are describing. This is a very useful skill to have in any form of writing, in fact, as it will make your work more compelling. 3. Persuasive Essays Persuasive (or argumentative) essays are a lot like expository essays. They are often structured similarly, for example. And both types of essay ask you to answer a question via research. However, a persuasive essay is also about presenting a thesis and backing it up with evidence or arguments. For example, rather than just setting out and comparing two theories, for a persuasive essay, you might need to research different aspects of these theories, address them critically, and argue for one over the other. This may involve in-depth research or an experiment. As such, persuasive essays are usually longer than expository essays. They are often used as end-of-module assignments in colleges, too. 4. Narrative Essays Finally, narrative essays tell a story. This doesn’t mean that you have to write your essay as a short story, but it will draw on the conventions of storytelling. In terms of content, narrative essays are usually quite personal or anecdotal, but they should also have a point (a moral to the story or a lesson that you have learned from an experience). The language used in a narrative essay should be clear and concise, but it will also be descriptive and emotive. Using the first-person pronoun â€Å"I† is much more common in this type of essay than others, too, as you will often be writing about your own experiences. Finally, whatever type of essay you are writing, don’t forget that having your work proofread is a great way to boost your marks.

Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Religion - Essay Example â€Å"All civilizations were founded with religious underpinnings. Of course, religions, like civilizations, grow and sometimes die; forming an intellectual and ontological compost from which new civilizations often sprout. Often, these new civilizations are more complex and take root in earlier ideas while expanding them to meet new conditions† says awaretek.com Every individual is bound by his society and customs, each society has its own religion, rituals are conducted according to their religious instructions, and as far as the myth related to related to religion is concerned, we could trace out the starting point of our belief to have a basic influence by the myths. For example, we have been told by our ancestors the story of Jesus Christ and his birth, we believe that the star that shines during the month of December indicates the birth of Christ, and similarly when we consider other religious beliefs such as Hindu or Muslims, they too have their own rituals having a background story form the myth. could understand that majority of people accept a moral standard on the basis of their brought up and values that were taught to them by their elders. So religion is said to have a constructed meaning, ethics, rituals and myths, all are found in a society in a combined form, the influence of each could be felt in every aspect of the society. The argument that If we start analyse what the universe mean to us, we should take into account the contribution of man. It is an accepted and universal statement that God created every thing. Man is the most intelligent of all his creations as he possesses the additional sense of reasoning and speaking. He is still in the process of finding out the meaning behind every aspect of God’s creation. Though some might argue this as scientific, the fact that science is an expression of God’s creation needed to be accepted. Man can only analyse the reason for any natural calamity but he could not

Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 5

Human Resource Management - Essay Example It is also needed that the expectations of employees be taken into consideration before adjusting psychological contracts in order to create an optimum working environment. Introduction Problems arising in workplaces are common issues and can be of varying degrees. Therefore, a single type of approach may not always be the solution. An unpleasant working environment can cause stress among employees thus leading to low overall performance which can hinder the fulfillment of the organization’s goals. The need is to understand the common issues in workplace so that the atmosphere can be improved. Proper application of strategies and basic intelligence can solve the problems or can be avoided all together. In this paper, I will share the problems that I face in my workplace and how it affects me and my team members. Problem in workplace It is a proven fact that encouragement from the seniors like managers or other executives reduces the level of stress amongst employees. My experi ence in office has so far been pleasant regarding my relation with my colleagues and team members. However, the management team fails to establish positive communication bond with the employees. This is a major reason of de-motivation among all employees. The manager to whom my team is answerable has opened forums for employees to voice their concerns, but he hardly ever takes any kind of remedial steps. He is always changing strategies and plans without informing us or taking our opinions into consideration. Although my team members are hard working and often stays overtime to complete their assigned tasks, our manager offers little or no recognition for our hard work. Violation of psychological contract The overall environment in my office is de-motivating since our manager fails to establish a healthy psychological contract with his employees. Lack of a healthy psychological contract between an employee and employer is extremely important to get positive results like integrity fr om employees, positive relationship between employer and employee, motivation and job satisfaction. All of these elements encourage an employee to give his best performance which can benefit the organization in realizing its goals and objectives. A psychological contract between an employer and employee is not established in a written contract, and is concerned with â€Å"implicit expectations, obligations and promises that both parties believe have been made with regard to what each owes and expects to receive from the other† (Preston, 2012, p.17). Expectation of monetary rewards and promotions after hard work is a common feature of psychological contract. However, my team manager overlooks the extra effort put in by any individual team member. This gives rise to the feeling that we are not being treated fairly. This reduces our feeling of commitment and deflates our motivation. There is also a fair number of absenteeism amongst my team members. This is a direct measure of h ow employees are demotivated at work. The current situation is quite grave, and it is needed that the management should take immediate steps to replace our current manager who has so far proved to be inefficient. This is because the level of absence is high among my team members and this means they need temporary leave from work or are suffering from stress-induced illness (Preston, 2012, p.18). Need of proper management policies Since, in this

Background of the Catholic Church Essay -- Religion Papers

Background In the Western world, the schism within the Catholic Church has made its most significant impact due to rapid changes in social standards. Of greatest importance is the evolution of modern society and their response to the reverberated traditions of the Catholic Church as well as the evolving Protestant sects. In consequence of increases in technology and science, modern society has redefined its acceptable and moral behavioral standards within a social setting, whereas, the Catholic Church stands firm in its doctrines despite social and moral movements in the twentieth century. Except for the Second Vatican Council and the Council of Trent, the Roman Catholic Church has not worked to revise its religious traditions in response to a changing society. As a consequence with this unparalleled development, many young adults and the population in general has swayed from the devout Catholic worship.1 From my personal experience I have found it difficult to accept the strict doctrines of the Catholic Church due to a social lifestyle that takes precedent. Secondly, I have appreciation for other religions, particularly Hinduism and sects within Christianity. My attitude does not necessarily correspond with that of the Catholic Church. Specifically, the Catholic Church perceives itself as the only divine route to Heaven. From my perspective, having been born and raised Catholic, I feel that Catholicism strongly disfavors any exploration of other religions or even tolerance of additional religions. I feel that this intolerance is subtly communicated to worshipers. Even if this intolerance it not communicated, there are not measures taken to inform worshipers about other religious practices. This stance is probably ... ...ery emotional responses such as tears. However, this should not be a discouragement because all Catholics are very sensitive to this dramatic difference in celebrating God and it does take time to get use to. Mainly it must be known that whether Protestant or Catholic we are worshipping to the same God. By taking a step back and analyzing the differences in religious celebration of this mystery, one can realize the true similarities between the too. In this realization Catholics will be able to fully appreciate and identify with Protestant religious ceremonies. References: 1 Momen, M. The Phenomenon of Religion: A Thematic Approach. Oxford: 1999, 475. 2 DeBruyn, R. Today’s Missal: April 8-June 9, 2001. Oregon: 2000, 81. 3 DeBruyn, R. Today’s Missal: April 8-June 9, 2001. Oregon: 2000, 86. 4 St. Paul African Methodist Episcopal Church. Boston: 2001, 2.

Childcare Diploma

Oral interview SHC 31 2. 2 Describe the factors to consider when promoting effective communication: ? The method of communication ? Environment (it depends with whom we are having the conversation) ? Proximity, orientation and posture (distance that we allow and take in consideration the cultural differences) SHC 31 3. 1 Explain how people from different backgrounds may use and/or interpret communications method in different ways ? Different culture ? Different way of saying things ? Different body language ? Different home environment ? Different routine ? Different meaningsSHC 31 3. 2 Identify barriers to effective communication ? Information-Language difficulties of expression ? Encoding -Inappropriate method of communication ? Transfer – Lost information, post missing, e-mail not received, written messages sent trough a child ? Reception – hearing difficulties, visual impairment, sign were not meant for them ? Decoding – not understanding the correct message – due to language difficulties, not enough time to understand the message, past experience influence the meaning of the message, stressed or distracted and the information is not absorbed ?Feedback – no facial expression, incorrect interpreting of the reaction, ? Response message not been received or misunderstood, negative response due to inappropriate style of communication SHC 31 3. 5 Explain how to access extra support or services to enable individuals to communicate effectively ? To try and find different way and methods to make someone understand: translating and interpreting services ? Speech and language services ( speech therapist or picture exchange, makaton – sign language) ?Advocacy services centres where they children can be consulted about matters important to them SHC32 2. 3 Describe how own values, belief systems and experience might affect the working practice ? You own values and you belief system can affect your work place sometimes because yo u may use only what you think is correct for the children ? By having other experiences and listening to other people advice might give you a different idea of how to do things better to meet children’s need